Apparatus for hot-water heating systems.



C. G. PBGK.

APPARATUS P013 HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED KAB. 2. 1903.

Patented Apr. 2o, 1909.

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APPLIOATION FILED IAB. 2, 1903.

APPARATUS POR EGT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS;

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APPARATUS FOR HOT-WATER HEATING SYSTEMS.

' Sp eicacion of Letters Patent.

Patented April 2o, isos.

Applicetionfiled liiarch 2, 1903. Seiil No. 145,834.

T o all tvliomfit may concern:

Be it l-:uown' that l, (Z-tssics minori, PEcii, residing at iiochester, in the county of Monroe and State of .Row York, have iii vented certain new and useful linproveiiients iii Apparatus for Hot-Water Heating Systems, of which the folloii'ingis a s iecitication suiticient to enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to nia-he and use the saine.

My invention relates to a hot` waterheaiing system in which necessar circulation of heated water is mechanically ell'ected by sonic l'o'rni of pump, or equivalent device.

1t has foiits objects the sinipiitication of apparatus necessary for etlicicnt, economical and convenient. operation ol' such a system for sci\ ing buildings and distri( ts with heat, the promotion of economy in operation, as also convenience, and improvement of conditions for maintaining desirable temperature in the heat circuit. f

1t comprises a source of steam heat, a hot water circuit ol pipes in which is located a water storage taiih, and means of heating water in the taiilv 'by `special devices to the temperature ret uired for circulation, this tank being made in duplicate for serving .largesystems, and when desirable, with a separate compartment for heating leed water for a boiler, or boilers, in such manner as to keep the fresh feed water from mingling with water of the heating circuit, together with means for eli'eetively draining heating siii'- face in the said taiih, or tanks, and, iii connection with the boiler, or with boilers, of the heating system, a secondary heater located in the hot water circuit. for utilizing waste heat from furnace gases escaping from the boiler, or from the boilers, in raising the -temperature of circulating water, the said heater being so arranged as to bev iilled with the water, and the water moving through the hea-ter preferably in opposite direction to tliecourse of the gases, all being` essentially as hereinafter described and as shown in the accompanying drawings.

ln the drawings Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevation showing several parts of in v invention, in which the boiler shell and the secondary heater shell, the citculat-iiigpttmp the two receivers, each v-.Hh its pump am steam trap, are shown it. elevation, and bi'ichwork ol' the boiler' setting and walls ol' the power house and storage tanlts and llooi' of power house and bottom of storage. tank l are shown in cross section. Fig. 2 is a vertical, central section of one torni ofccnibined storage and heating tank. Fig. 3 is a plan view oi part of the boilei' room and of the engine room of a owei' house containing apparatus cinbracet` iii my invention. Fig. 4 is a central, vertical section of a forni of combined .storage and heating tank suitable ior a heating system of moderate size. Fig. 5 is a cross section ot a combined storage and heating tank built of masonry, and of heat-ing coils for a hot water circuit, and an "injectoi, or "siplion" condenser. Fi". (i is a plan view of part 'il' a power house containing a group oi" several parts of my invention.

In the several figures ii'se parts are indi- I cated by the saine letters.

Referring to 1"'igA l, A :s a steam boiler which su ,plies the heating system with steam for ieating the water circuit, and A is a secondary heater for utilizingr the otherlieating the circulating water of the heat-ing syste-iii, the coiiise of the gases being indicated by feathered arrows and of the water b v unfeathei'ed arrows. y

1n Figs. 3 und 6 two secondary heaters are shown, each being supposed to be mounted over a boiler to show that any number of boilers and heaters may be employed iii a heating system.

ln each of Figs. 2 and 4 B, indicates a different foLni of my combined storage and heating tank for the circulating system.

C in l" ig. 1, shown in duplicate in Fig. 3, is a rotary pump of the Roots pattern, driven by a vertical engine C', for forciblY circulating the water of the heating system, it being l understood that other forms of pump can he used for the saine service. The suction pipe c of said pump is connected with tank B and the deliver) pipe. of the system c' supplies radiators c, the` water returning either through pipe c3 directly into tank or,- trst, into secondari heater A' through branch pipes c* and thence into tank l through branch pi )es es and inain pipi c. these iipes beingr s iowii in Pigs. l, 3 ard tt. j and tlie delivery connection to the tmk heilig shown at c, Figs. 2, 4 and 5.

' l), Figs. 3 and 6, indicates a steunt engine. used for operating an electric generator E va through bc t c, as in Fig. 3, or for an): other l service.

l". Fig. t5, is a feed pump for suppl)` oi l boilers A. The exhaust steam from engines PATENT OFFICE. f

wise waste heat of gases from said boiler iiil shown in Fig. 2 is used said 1 Vdsupplies coils di, Figs. 1 and 3, or if (Z2 in the tank or Fig. 2, or to ox 1e` Figs. 4 and 5, for

by ipes d' to heating coils ta B, to steamrspace 1), of the condcnsers shown 1n heating circulating water of. the heating'sys--' tem. In the form shown in Fig. 5 said exhaust steam pipes lead to coils d2 in storagev tank B as we Las' to its condenser Live steam pipe d su i lies feed pump F and en' gines C and D, ig. 6, and live steam pipes form e d3 leads to s ace b', or in form shown in hg. 4 to a conenser I, or in form shown in Fig. 5 to condenser I'. In vany of these forms either exhaust steam or live steam may be used alone to heat the water in the storage tank. When tank B contains vsteam coils, as in Figs. 1, 3 and 5,' the coils are placed at such a level that the Water of condensation will iiow by gravity into one or more receivers'G, G', eac receiver having a steam pump, as H, Fig. 1, for delivering the water of condensation either to boilers A, or to a tank, or elsewhere,

I and I', Figs. 4

shown in my pending application on i' largoY central station designed for the exhaust steam from said pumps being piped to tank B, or`to a special feed water eaten and 5, are usual forms of jet condensers, being representa-tive in character, as I do not conine myself to any articular form of condenser, and what will est suit one condition will not so Well suit another condition, as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. The use of any form of jet condenser for heating the circulating water of a hot water circuit comes within the scope of my invention, and the attachment of a live steam pipe d3 in conjunction with an exhaust steam pige d' is a part of my invention.

ieferring now more in detail to the 4.veral parts, the secondary boiler or heater A', shown in elevation in Fig. 1, is the same in its general arrangement with respect to abheat from the furnace gases as that appa' ratus for a hot water heating system, Serial Number 121,341 the difference consisting in the Y omission in the construction herein slionfn of all steam heating pipes in the supplement-ar heater and in entirely lilling the icater wit the circulating water of the heating system and forcing said Water through the heater, preferably from the return pipe of the heating system, thence delivering the water i nto storage. tank Bto be there heated by steam. to the required temperaturel for circulation. The present, arrangement is better adapted for conditions of use in a. district stracting heat-ing than the other.

'lank B with its heating appliances performs three important functions in the heati is l heating circuit. it heats l cold it is absolutely necessary,to carry tem# F said miler to the tempi-rature required by i peratures well up toward the boiling point ing system, namely, it provides room for cxpansion oi the circulating water,

'eff

' heated receptacle A',

l and a chaxnberinjherein the heating circuit, and, in case of the masonry tanks, it gives stora e for such amount of Water as may be neeed in utilizing for heating the hot water circuit practically all exhaust steam "from engines and pumps confnected with the heating station, and .may

also be used to storev thev heatw of live steam where suiiicient exhaust steam for the heat, ing circuit is not available.

The tank shonm in Fi 2 is adapted for a relatively small plant, icing compact and suited for use either with or without the gas 'the uppermost space or chamber of the tank B formingthe initial and terminal oint` ot circulation and containing all thellive steam surface and all the exhaust steam surface re 1uired ,for' bringing the circulating Watert'oft etem eraturerequired by the heating circuit. n thisl form of tank shown in Fi .2 the exhaust steam is admitted to compartment b at connection d and surrounds the water iilled pipes P, and live steam is admitted to compartment b' through pipe d3 and envelops water pipes P'. Vater of condensation flows by gravity to u. receiver by pipes gian'd g'l' A relief for ,surplus exhaust steam is supplied bygpipe b2 and circulation forlive steam pipe 3 vwhich is connected to some steam' using apparat-traf such as pumps, notonly to ci'ect circulation of steam in compartment b but also to remove air which would otherwise collect in the compartment and reduce the efficiency of heating surface. In case no steam using ap paratus is available pipe b3 is valved so as to constantly discharge a little steam into the atmosphere. IV provides expansion Aroom for the circulating water, and this space is vented' to the atmosphere Iat pipe" connect-ion b. .Visiterlevel Vf may be carried at any point above pipes P, P compatible with allowing room` for expansion of the circulating water. At b5 is a conncctionfor a drain pipe. The suct-ion pipe c of circulating pump C is connected to the upper portion of ank B at the flange marked e', and return pi )e c3 of the heat c ircuit is connected to the l tank at ilangefniarked; e30., The tank is given considerable elevation so as to have a good head of water over tne ,valves ofthe` pump to insure smooth and effective working, this being of special importance when carrying high temperature in the tank, as in heating buildings in severely cold weather. This applies with equal force to the other forms of tank B shown in the drawings, it being one of the essential points in my system wherein the tank., embraces, thel functions of an enpansiontank, a ,storagey tank,-

heated to the'itemperature required for the Vhen the weather is very The spaceabove water leveh owersectionA of the;

the circulatingwater from being raz.' it d into thc heat circuit.

and consequently a considerable head ofl water is necessary above the circulating l pump to prevent it from drawing vapor in i place of water.

The forni of' tank shown in Fig. 4, is arl ranged for a sonic hat larger hinting s vsl teni, and in addition to'lieating water ofl thc l heat cire-uit it provides for heating fresh leed i water ixittiout allowing it to bc carried into the cirtidaii-in ii the heating;` s vstcin, thci solids in fresh -eater being thus prevented i lu i this forni of tank return vater and steam of the heating system enter jet condenser l at connection c and the steam condenscs, and the water is heated byeitlier exhaust steam supplied through pipe d', or live steam through pipe d", or both. The water falls on a plate b and is deflected into :i co'iiipaitnient b?, whence it overflows into the conical passage b and then drops into chamber b at the bottom ofthe tank,- which is the chaniber for the fresh water suppl)r fo:l the boileis. .lhe normal water leve] in chamber l1 is shown at W. Fresh water is automatically g supplied to chamber b" through pipe w b v a valve w in said pipe operated by float J i through lever connection j. Pipe 4w is fitted with a revolving, reaction head i111' for disl tributing water over the `walls of the conical l l passage b", so that in its downward course the water becomes heated both by vapor in the vtank and by contact with the nails of the. tank. As water accumulates in the heating svsteni by condensation of steam mingled with it= in the jet condensci't-he snrplus overflows from compartment b into chamber b, from whence it. may be pumped into boilers` A through suction pipef. Manliole b gives access to the whole interior of the tank. Suflicient steam is supplied to jet condenser I to heatl the circulating water to the temperature required for the heat circuit. If sufficient exhaust steam is not supplied through pipe d the requisite addition of live steam is made through pipe (13. The l water, beine,l thus properly heated for rccirculation, is withdrawn from compartment i [i7 through suction pipe connection c connecting with pump C, and in this way a eontini nous` round of circulation and heating is maintained. A drain pipe is slioim at b". l i 1n a large central heating svstcia the duplicatc tank, or reservoir, p n, shown in Figs. l and 3 or that shown in Fig. 5, is nio'st advantageous, as there the arrangement. niects in the. coin act, economical and simple nianzier the conditions governing heating on a lai ,'.ic scale by water circulation. Theresorvoiis l5 shown in these figures unitcdly store in the water which they contain, all, or

nearly all, thc steiii heat capacity of the boilers which suppl)` heat to the system for i srch-length of time as is needful for conserv- I ingsaid heat, or for supplying the heating i cnc-ines then the boiler-ca iaei'v need la onlv such as to supplvt ic amount of neat needed dining Yf honi-s b v iiiiiloini epcr-an ii i fthe boilers day and night, as the tanks would :ii-t

as a storage for c.\ira heal produced dinint|` iiic night so that it could be used during; ila

day. when the boiler capacitvof itself inigiht not be equal io heat requirements. thus ful l 'filiiiier the saine functions :is tlnrse of' storage batteries 'for electricity. l`suell v lzon'crcr this heating system will be combined nih f: stcatii power plant in which case the sti-ain is first utilized for power and secondly for heating purposes. hence the plans show this latter arrangement, although my invention is equally applicable in either ease. Where no cn-incs are used live steam froiii boilers A turned into pipes d, or into condenser I', thc former being?r shown in Figs. l and 3 and the latter in Fic. 5, thus heating eirculatiin; watcr to the desired extent, the'xvatcr of condensation being conducted into a receiver G, Figs. l and 3, and thence pumped back into boilers A by pump, or pumps, Il, no trap bciiig required between the receiver and hcatf ing coils shown in Figs. 1 and 3. Exhaust steam from the receiver pump, or pumps, is preferably utilized in a feed water heater. 'heie engines are employed for nuthin;r elet tric current, as shown in Fig. 35', or for other purpose, steam iroduced iii boilers A is fist supplied through pipe d to said engines, one. being shown at D, Fig. 3, andthe exhaust from these engines is discharged through pipcsd into water heating coils d?, Figs. 1 and 3, or into eondensei's I, or l', foriieating the, circulating watcrfof the heatingsysteni. It the amount of exhaust ste-ain isnot sufficient to heat said water to required temperature,

then 'live steam is turned' on, .as heretofore stated, to make up the necessary amount of heat. The water of condensation which forms in coils d2 flows by gravity into one or more receivers G, through pii'ics il, Fig, and is thence returned to boilers A' bv punip, or ninips, 1I automatically controlled b v a float in, or attached to, each receiver. When water of the heatinv circuit is heated bv 'et condensei's I, I', the volume of water is constantly increased in proportion to the weight of steam condensed. To prevent. a surplus of water, and at the salue time pi'o.iile hoi feed n'ater for boilers A, water is taken from tank, or tanks, B, Figs. 5 and', by feed pump F, Fin'. 6, and supplied tofboilers as rcquirci The connection of feed pump F with tank Bisshown in Fig. 6, this tank being intended to represent the saine construction as that shown in central vertical secticnin Fig. 4.

STI

4 v il. 918,901

I do not confine myself to the exact forms of condensers shown in Figs.'4 and v5, as any form ,which will effectively, and without objectionable noise, condense steam as it niingles with return water of the heating system at, or near, the storage tank, or tanks, B will fuliil my object in heating the circulating water by directy steam contact.

The duplication of water and heat storage tanks B', as shown in Fig. l, and indicate by broken lines in Fig. 3, one of two or more being also shown in F ig, 5, constitutes an improvement of importance in the practical operation of a large combined heating and power plant, as itprovides better for storage of heat and maintaining desirable tempera- .tures in the heating circuit at all hours oi day and night than a single reservoir, or tank. Thus, if two tanks of suitable size be employed, each one being complete in itself, that is, having independent and sutlicientappliances for supplying the heating circuit with water and heat, and being independently connected with said circuit, then either tue or both the tanksare available for use at- Kall times, and can be used to suit requirements either of storing heatfroin boilers or engines, or for dispensing heat through the circulating system. 1n district heating and electric lighting a power plant is usually installed to supply to the engines in the first instance the steam required for the circuit, or circuits, of heat'ng pipes. t The .amount of steam which will e uscd'in such engines will vary considerably during the opera .'ng hours of each day, and but little will be used during several hours ot each night, hence it is important. especially during severely cold weather, not only to condense in tanks B all steam used, but also to control the temperature of the liot water heating circiit so that a suitable delivery of heat shall Le made throughout 'the vwhole 'extent ol the heating syst-ein.

This can best be effected by 'the use of two or more reservoirs. Thus, inthe evening the amount of steainuscd by engines is usually large, and this can be employed to heat up to maximum temperature water in one oi' both reservoirs. During 'the night, say from midnight to 5 a. in., one of the reservoirs B' will supply what heat is ncededfor the pipe circuit, or circuits; then in the morning the reserve reservoir can be d rawn on for quickly heating up the whole circulating system. During daylight hours either one or both reservoirs can be'di'awn on for the circulating water, and 'zeam can be turned into one or both as needed. 1i' the weather be very cold the reserve of heat in both reservoirs will be much reduced in getting buildings well wai-ined ii` the morning, after which there wiii'be a'giadual gain of water temperature in the reservoirs, supposing exhaust alone to be relied upon, and supposing that the amount of engine power has been so calculated as to afford nearly or quite the requisite amount of exhaust steam for imparting to the reservoirs necessary temperature through-A out each .Z-'t hour winter weather. lt is evident that an exact balance between power requirements an heating requirements, so that there siialliilways be suliicient exhauststcaiii for heating and no excess, cannotbe attained, for il there be su'llicicnt exhaust steam in severe weather there inust be. an excess of steam in nu d weather, provided the engine load reinalned constant. It is therefore practically necesf sary, from commercial standpoint, to udiust the relative engine and heating oa to harmonize with theV money returns o )tainable from each, ,'and these will not usually diil'er largel.' one frointhc other.

While two reservoirs are usually all that are required for controlling the tenil'ierature of circulating water, and retaining and i ispensing heat 'with niaxiinuin economy, l do not confine myself strictly to two reservoirs or tanks, as sometimes three, or even four, will be still more advantageous, especially1 in very large heating systems. Dill'erent hours of the day require dill'ering degrees of teinperature in the heating circuit, and these requirements should be exactly observed, while at the saine time storing any excess o heator white drawing on reserve heat, .and these. conditions can best be met by havin; a sullicient number of reservoirs so the p'ropcr temperature can always be maintained-in the particular reservoir which is being drawn upon.

l am aware that a single tank designed for storing the heat ol' exhaust steam trein e ecposed and used in ccnneetion with a. hot water heating circuit, but heretotorc :1 heater for both exhaust steam and live steam additional to, and exterior to, the storage tank has been required l'or heating watt" of the heat circuit steam passing through the exterior heater. The combination of a single storage tank and a separate complaint steam heater has not been satisfactory for the purpose of heat storage, and is not lthe equivaeiit of my invention, an essential leature of which is the combination. in, or uninediately connected with, -aheat and' water storage reservoir or taiilt o f allv heating appliances required for brii'iging-the temperature of circulating water in the storage tank to the point-required in the heating circuit so that no secondary steam heater is require exhaust steam or simultaneously by both.l

In a large central heating and power station the water storage reservoirs B' illust have. large tot secured aauhist loss 'of heat. 'l`liese two coilditions make it desirable to construct said l reservoirs beneath the power house in man day in all but the coldestV tric lighting engines has heretofore been proal capacity, and must be \\ell ion the tank being heated by either live steam or 'steam from cniincs. This is particularly upner rnctcally as shown in Figs. l, 3 and 5,

in w lich boilers A are supposed to be set at 1 about ground level. The division wall between the reservoirs is prete-habit4 made of f Portland cement concrete, and side walls of the building are preferably lined with concrete with n n inch between filled with nsphaltnm. The bottom is best made of 4-of g concrete laid on well rammed earth with an inch of asphaltum and then about (3 of concrete. The top, or cover, can hc satisfactorilv ci, instructed o expanded metal and concreti supported by AI beams, or may consist ot' un arching: of hard bricks, preferably glazed on edges exposed to hot vapor, and sup )orteil on I beams, which, on account of conditions tending to cause corrosion, it is desirableshould be made of cust iron. The brick-work arching can also bo made self-sustaining, so that no metal beams will be needed, in which euse it is desirabie to have thc arches as nearly semicircular as practicable. 1f cover und side walls are of proper thickness ver)v little heat will be lost, and sufficient storage' capacity can be secured without special provision of ground, or lloor space. I do not however confine myself to constructingT the requisite reservoir capacity beneath the power house ns it will sometimes bc mo're convenient to use space under au adjoining building, oreven vard space.; the most essential point being that reservoirs shall heconstructed under the ground level so as to secure. protection of theenrt-h against loss of heat and for sustaining the pressure of water on sides and bottom of reservoir; i

An important economicalA feature of my invention is the use of return water ol' a hot. wat-er hcatingoystcin to condense exhaust plicablc to conditions which obtain in factories,'aml is often advantagcous hothin enses whcre'enzincs are run comlcnsin"y in wurm weather and non-condensiiu; in cold weather, and where. engines are rnn noncondensing: the year mound principally' hei cause the exhaust from said engines is required for heating during cold weather, the mort. guin-occnrring,r in the latter case. There is greatest advantage in case of factories so situated that `watcr cannot he, obtained for condensing except by use ol a cooler tower, or equivalentdeviceffor eooiiucr condi nsin;t water, as a' hot water hcar'inf." svstcni can then be utilized in cold weather for coolingY condensing water, and the use ol' otlufr means of cooling either wholly, or partially, diseon- I tinuod. Byemoderateincreaseofthcamount ,1 of heat radiating' surface in factories now heated b v direct exhaust steam, engines can i he run with 18? or 2U of vacuum in modcrate winter weather, with reduction of l vacuum to `14'( or 16 in severe cold and,l windy weather', und ut the same time enable g buildings to boheated by hot water circulai tion more satisfactorily than by direct use. ol' exhaust steam. In carrying out this system of condensing l do not confine myself tojot condcnsers shown in Fics. 4 and .5, as a. snrfncc style of condenser will serve equally well, this being illustrated in Fig. 3, where. steam spaceb receives exhaust-steam from engines and is condensed b v water tubes l". the steam entering at connection c" and the air pump being connected to pipe g. i

d he'n one receiver, Fig'. 3, is used for condensation from exhaust. steam, and another receiver G isused for condensation from livcl steam, it is not necessary to employ a trap, but when condensation from both live steam and exhaust steam is discharged into the same receiver a trap,.K, Fig. 1, must, he employed in the live steam line.

i'laving described my invention what I claim and desire` to secure by Letters Patent is: f

1. In a hot water heating system the combination with'a heatingr circuit, of a boiler having a fire space; n heater in said circuit ndapted'to receive waste products el combustion from the lire space after acting on the boiler and to impart heat therefrom to the water in said circuit; a separate closed expansion tank at the bottom of the system in said circuit adapted to receive water from said heater; und means for circulating the water through said circuit.

2. In a hot water heating` system the combinution 'with a heating,r circuit, of n boiler having a fire space; a heater in said circuit 100 adapted to receive waste products of combustion from the fire space after acting on the boiler and to impart heat therefrom to the water in said circuit: a separati'l closed storage tank at the bottoni ofthe system in 105 said circuit having a water chamber and a separate steam compartment and adapted to recei\'e water from said heater, and having a connection b' tween its steam compartment and said boiler; and means for circulat.- 110 ing; the water through said circuit.

In a hot water heatingr system the combination with n heating circuit, of a boiler having o. lire space; n heater in said circuit adapted to receive waste products ol" com- 115, bustffon from the -lire space after acting on the boiler and to'impart heat therefrom to the water in said-circuit.: a separate closed storage tank at the'bottom of the system 4 in said circuit havingr a water chamber and a 20 separate steam compartment and adapted to receive water from said heater, an( its .liustinfroni 'the fire space efter acting on the boiler :ind to xinipfiitheat' therefrom to the wzl-ter in said circuit; :i se :irate closed storage tank :Lt the bottoni'I o the system in sind circuit liu-ring ii Waiter compartment adapted to receive water from the heater, und. sepzirnte stenin vheating compartments,

'one of said stentn compartments having a connection with said boiler, and the other with the exhaust of steiun operated niachinery, and ineens for circuiiting the water through siiidcircuit.

.5. ln ii hot waiter combination .'.with ir heating circuit, of :i

b'oilerhnrintr u tire s )nce :i heater in said with -iind disconnecting it from said heating heating system, thecircuit and froin said heating means, whereby the Wate'r from a plurhlity of tanks may be mixed in diierent proportions.

6. In a hot water heating-system, the coius.

biiintion with n heating circuit, of ai boiler having ai hre space, :L heater in szud circuit 'f adapted to receive waste products ot' coniy bustion from the tire space alter acting on the boiler to impart heat therefrom to the Water in said circuit, ineens for circulating water through sziid circuit, it plurality oi storage und expansion tanks in said circuit., each having :i capacity to keep the circuit full and to supply a. reserve of heater Writer, f euch tank having a. water chamber and :i

steain space, and ineens for connecting each tank with and disconnecting it from sind heating circuit and from said `boiler, whereby the water from a plurality of tanks muy he .i3 mixed 1n different proportions ais desired' and .delivered into the system..

' CASSIUS CARROLL 'itnesses: Y i. i fliiARLEs L. 'iiiriioRE, Y. WiLLiAM W'. VVHITMORE. 

